Booster for immune protection after coronavirus infection
Research proves benefit of vaccination after recovery from COVID-19
Date:
March 21, 2022
Source:
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology
Summary:
When our immune system comes into contact with the SARS-CoV- 2
coronavirus, it fights back and produces antibodies. A similar
immune response is triggered by coronavirus vaccines. However,
there is still little data available on the strength and durability
of immune protection. Researchers have now been able to detect
high levels of neutralizing antibodies in test persons even 300
days after a coronavirus infection with the original variant of
the coronavirus.
FULL STORY ==========================================================================
When our immune system comes into contact with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus,
it fights back and produces antibodies. A similar immune response
is triggered by Corona vaccines. However, there is still little data
available on the strength and durability of immune protection. A team
led by Prof. Carsten Watzl from the Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Institute for Occupational Research (IfADo),
in cooperation with the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology (MPI)
and the Klinikum Dortmund, has now been able to detect high levels of neutralising antibodies in test persons even 300 days after a coronavirus infection with the original variant of the coronavirus. And what's more:
after complete vaccination, the recovered probands showed antibody levels
about 5 times higher than those vaccinated without prior infection. This
would provide much better protection against a severe course of the
disease in the event of a new infection with other coronavirus variants.
==========================================================================
Our immune protection is provided by two systems working hand in
hand. When infected with a virus, the immune system reacts by producing antibodies that can prevent the virus from infecting further cells. At
the same time, so-called T-killer cells can recognise the foreign virus components and thus kill already infected cells. During the immune
reaction, the antibodies constantly improve and are finally tailor-made
for the pathogen. The amount of these neutralising antibodies indicates
how well a new infection can be fought off by the body.
Unique collaboration between biochemists, immunologists, clinicians
and the Dortmund health department "When the corona pandemic broke out,
we as immunologists were of course interested in how our immune system
defends itself against the corona virus.
That's why, together with our colleagues from the Max Planck Institute
and the Dortmund Hospital, we developed a reliable test system to detect neutralising antibodies," IfADo Director Carsten Watzl says. In order
to be able to fish antibodies out of the blood in a targeted manner,
you need an appropriate bait.
One of the main targets of the immune system is the spike protein, which
is used by the virus to bind to human cells and then infect them. "We
have been able to produce a part of this protein, or more precisely the
area that docks with the cell, in high purity in the test tube," reports Jan-Erik Hoffmann, head of protein production at the MPI Dortmund. With
this exact copy and blood samples from the "Klinikum Dortmund" the
researchers at IfADo were able to develop a reliable and meaningful
detection system for coronavirus antibodies.
In close exchange with the Dortmund health department and the Dortmund hospital, the scientists used this system to perform a study with about
140 volunteers from a Dortmund health facility with several documented
cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the beginning of the pandemic (March
2020) 5 times higher antibody levels after vaccination in recovered
patients Effective amounts of neutralising antibodies against the spike
protein could be detected in almost all of the subjects tested positive
for SARS-CoV-2. And even after 300 days, the antibody levels had hardly decreased in three out of four subjects. However, test persons were
infected with the original variant of the coronavirus and neutralising antibodies against the original spike protein were measured. As we know,
the virus has now evolved in such a way that immunity to the original
virus currently offers significantly less protection. Therefore, the researchers also investigated the effect of vaccination with the vaccines
from AstraZeneca and BioNTech on the immune system. The astonishing
result: After complete vaccination, recovered test persons developed
up to five times more neutralising antibodies than vaccinated persons
without prior infection.
This should also provide better protection against current variants.
"There are now several studies on the immune response after a
COVID-19. Our study differs from this in that we had blood samples
before and from the first weeks of the pandemic. So we knew exactly
whether a test person was already infected or not. In addition to this
unbiased data, the long period of the study of almost one year is also remarkable," Watzl says. "The rules of the game have changed in the
meantime, of course, because there are new variants like Omikron. However,
it is important to know how long immunity actually lasts, because this
can also protect against a severe course of the disease in the case of
a new infection with other coronavirus variants. Currently, we are also
using our jointly developed test systems to study the immune response to
the COVID-19 vaccines and their protection against different coronavirus variants." "This study is a prime example of successful interdisciplinary cooperation that not only yields important scientific findings but is
also highly relevant to society," emphasises PD Dr. Bernhard Schaaf,
Director of the Department of Pneumology and Infectious Diseases at
Klinikum Dortmund. "This is transfer of knowledge into everyday life
and at the same time transparent cooperation at eye level."
========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Max_Planck_Institute_of_Molecular_Physiology. Note: Content may be edited
for style and length.
========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Doris Urlaub, Natalie Wolfsdorff, Jan‐Erik Hoffmann, Stefanie
Dorok, Markus Hoffmann, Moritz Anft, Naomi Pieris, Patrick
Gu"nther, Bernhard Schaaf, Uwe Cassens, Peter Bro"de, Maren Claus,
Lea K. Picard, Sabine Wingert, Simone Backes, Deniz Durak,
Nina Babel, Stefan Po"hlmann, Frank Renken, Stefan Raunser,
Carsten Watzl. Neutralizing antibody responses 300 days after
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and induction of high antibody
titers after vaccination. European Journal of Immunology, 2022;
DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149758 ==========================================================================
Link to news story:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220321103754.htm
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