Smoking increased in those trying to quit during COVID-19, study shows
Date:
April 11, 2022
Source:
Florida Atlantic University
Summary:
A study showed statistically significant and potentially clinically
important differences between those who increased and decreased
tobacco use during the pandemic. Among current smokers, 28.2 percent
reported increased tobacco use, 17.3 percent reported decreased
tobacco use and 54.5 percent reported no change. In addition,
there were no reports of relapse among former smokers.
FULL STORY ========================================================================== While smoking rates have declined dramatically in the United States,
there are still 35 million smokers. There are few data about whether,
and if so, how current cigarette smoking habits among those trying to
quit are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
========================================================================== Charles H. Hennekens, M.D., Dr.PH., senior author, first Sir Richard Doll Professor of Medicine and senior academic adviser to the dean at Florida Atlantic University's Schmidt College of Medicine and collaborators
from Baylor College of Medicine, examined changes to smoking habits and correlates of increases and decreases during the COVID-19 pandemic among participants enrolled in a tobacco cessation and lung cancer screening
program.
Between June and October 2020, they conducted a cross-sectional survey
of a program participant sample. The survey consisted of three parts:
changes in tobacco use; impact and coping strategies; and COVID-19
exposure and use of protective measures. Demographic variables included
age, sex, race/ethnicity and marital status.
Results, published in the Ochsner Journal, showed statistically
significant and potentially clinically important differences between
those who increased and decreased tobacco use during the pandemic. Among current smokers, 28.2 percent reported increased tobacco use, 17.3 percent reported decreased tobacco use and 54.5 percent reported no change. In addition, there were no reports of relapse among former smokers.
Researchers found correlates of increased tobacco use related to coping strategies and mental health such as high uncertainty about the future, loneliness as a result of social distancing, anger or frustration with how
the pandemic has disrupted daily life, boredom because of being unable to
work or engage in regular daily activities/ routines, desire to cope using alcohol or drugs, sadness or feelings of hopelessness and worry or fear
about challenges to securing basic needs such as groceries or medication.
In contrast, those who smoked less were more likely to practice social distancing and other preventive strategies of proven benefit.
========================================================================== "These data may aid healthcare providers to identify and provide counsel
to cigarette smokers at greater risk for increasing tobacco consumption
during current and future stresses such as the COVID-19 pandemic,"
said Hennekens.
"All of these efforts have the potential to reduce many premature deaths
from cigarette smoking, which remain alarmingly and unnecessarily high
in the U.S.
and are increasing worldwide." The U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention estimates that tobacco- related causes account for more
than 480,000 deaths in the U.S. each year, which was recently exceeded
by the deaths from COVID-19.
Smoking cigarettes causes premature deaths due mainly to a two-fold risk
of cardiovascular disease and a 20-fold risk of lung cancer. Quitting
smoking reduces the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease beginning
with a matter of months, reaching that of a lifelong non-smoker within a
few years, even among older adults. In contrast, reductions in mortality
risk from lung cancer only begin to appear several years after quitting,
and even by 10 years, the risk is reduced to only approximately mid-way
between continuing smokers and lifelong smokers. This is because the
risks of cardiovascular disease relate to the numbers of cigarettes
currently smoked and the risks of cancer to the duration of the habit.
Each year in the U.S., approximately 30 million hospitalizations occur
in individuals 18 and older. Of these, more than 7 million are current cigarette smokers whose average hospital stay is several days.
"Smoking cessation therapy also should include long-term counseling and
at least 90 days of a prescription drug, in particular, varenicline,
whose mechanisms include blocking the pleasurable sensations of nicotine
on the brain," said Hennekens.
========================================================================== Collaborators are first author Maria Mejia, M.D., M.P.H., associate
professor; Roger Zoorob, M.D., M.P.H., professor and chair; Xiofan
Huang, M.S., biostatistician; and Robert S. Levine, M.D., professor,
all within the Department of Family and Community Medicine at Baylor
College of Medicine.
Levine also is an affiliate professor at the FAU Schmidt College of
Medicine.
The authors dedicated the manuscript to the memory of the late Edward D.
Frohlich, M.D., Ph.D., who was the Alton Ochsner Distinguished Scientist
at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation and a staff member of the Ochsner Clinic.
Hennekens was the 29th recipient of the prestigious "Alton Ochsner
Award," in recognition of his seminal discovery research on the hazards of cigarette smoking. Ochsner, a thoracic surgeon, and Michael DeBakey, M.D.,
a future world-renowned cardiovascular surgeon, were early recipients
of the award for their uncontrolled case series on cigarette smoking
upon lung cancer victims at autopsy in the 1930s. Sir Richard Doll,
a British physician, became the foremost epidemiologist of the 20th
Century for pioneering epidemiologic studies, first with Sir Austin
Bradford Hill and later with Sir Richard Peto - - all who received the
Alton Ochsner Award for their seminal contributions to the mortality
hazards of cigarette smoking.
From 1995 to 2005,Science Watch ranked Hennekens as the third most widely
cited medical researcher in the world and five of the top 20 were his
former trainees and/or fellows. In 2012, Science Heroes ranked Hennekens
No. 81 in the history of the world for having saved more than 1.1 million lives. In 2016, he was ranked the No. 14 "Top Living Medical Scientist in
the World." Based in part on the pivotal work of Hennekens documenting
the large clinical and public health hazards of smoking cigarettes,
FAU President John Kelly adopted a university-wide tobacco free policy.
========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Florida_Atlantic_University. Original written by Gisele Galoustian. Note: Content may be edited for style
and length.
========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Maria C. Mejia, Roger Zoorob, Robert S. Levine, Xiaofan Huang,
Charles H.
Hennekens. Cross-Sectional Survey of Smoking Patterns During the
COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tobacco Cessation and Lung Cancer Screening
Program.
Ochsner Journal, 2022; 22 (1): 48 DOI: 10.31486/toj.21.0082 ==========================================================================
Link to news story:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220411101404.htm
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