New research shows what it takes to make society change for the better
Date:
April 1, 2022
Source:
University of Maine
Summary:
New research suggests that social change may depend on the
relationship between beneficial behaviors and policies. Using an
innovative mathematical model, researchers studied a behavior that
benefits groups, but does not spread without policy support, such
as a costly measure to mitigate the effects of climate change. The
results showed that both behavioral change and policy change are
required to achieve large-scale social change, but policy change
is especially critical.
FULL STORY ==========================================================================
Many people try to make society change for the better. The real challenge
is how to get good solutions to scale up for major change. New research suggests that social change may depend on the relationship between
beneficial behaviors and policies.
==========================================================================
The research, conducted by the University of Maine, University of Maine
at Augusta, University of Vermont and Universite Laval in Quebec, Canada, attempted to understand how society can accomplish major, transformative
social change, particularly the kind of social change necessary to tackle
the growing problem of climate change.
The researchers studied a behavior that benefits groups, but does not
spread without policy support, such as a costly measure to mitigate the
effects of climate change. They created a mathematical model using an innovative combination of epidemiological and evolutionary techniques,
which simulates a society where agents live in groups and adopt the
beneficial behavior of peers -- behavior that, given the right conditions,
can spread virally, but not if the institutional costs are too high.
The model considers factors like the prevalence of adopters and
non-adopters in a group; the diffusion of behaviors, both within the
group and globally; the strength of institutions supporting the behavior
and facilitating its spread; and the cost of those institutions.
"Our model is unique because it combines behavioral change and policy
change in a single system, and encourages us to think about social
change in a richer way. Large-scale social change is not just policy
or behavior, but the emergence of a new self-reinforcing system that
combines both. This allows us to ask new questions, such as 'how would
a new pattern of behavior and policy spread?'" says Timothy Waring,
associate professor of social-ecological systems modeling at the
University of Maine and co-author of the study.
The results showed that both behavioral change and policy change are
required to achieve large-scale social change -- and that they need to
happen together.
Though neither can get the job done on its own, policy change is
especially critical.
The researchers found that sometimes the beneficial behavior can spread
too far. In some cases, the spread of behavior beyond groups with
supporting policy can reduce its perceived success and slow the spread
of the policy, thereby limiting beneficial social change overall.
The simulation suggests that projects that involve both bottom-up viral
spread of behavior and top-down policy change may be the best type of
solution for large sustainability issues like climate change because
they serve as an example and can spread between groups to influence
major change.
"For example, let's say a state wants to spread participation in
a new organic composting law which would benefit towns," Waring
says. "To make the system work, the collected waste must be purely
organic material. But contributing pure organic waste takes effort for households, so the behavior does not take off on its own. This is a
common problem for policy implementation. But if towns experiment with
systems to help support and spread the behavior, the successful town
programs can spread between towns along with household contributions,
resulting in effective, large-scale change." Laurent He'bert-Dufresne,
lead author on the study and associate professor at the University of
Vermont, says, "Our model can help figure out how to balance bottom-up
and top-down effects so that new solutions can scale. For example, it
can help determine when we should promote a behavior like composting
all over the country to normalize it and when we should instead focus
on a local well- funded pilot project to show the potential benefits
of composting." Waring said that in future research, the team aims to
apply these types of models to all sorts of beneficial social change, particularly the challenge of tackling climate change.
The study was published in the Royal Society Open Science on March
23, 2022.
The research is part of track 2 of UMaine's Experimental Program to
Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) project.
========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Maine. Note: Content
may be edited for style and length.
========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Laurent He'bert-Dufresne, Timothy M. Waring, Guillaume St-Onge,
Meredith
T. Niles, Laura Kati Corlew, Matthew P. Dube, Stephanie J. Miller,
Nicholas J. Gotelli, Brian J. McGill. Source-sink behavioural
dynamics limit institutional evolution in a group-structured
society. Royal Society Open Science, 2022; 9 (3) DOI:
10.1098/rsos.211743 ==========================================================================
Link to news story:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220401160545.htm
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